Innovative Approaches to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance: A Review of Emerging Therapies and Technologies

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major global health threat, with rising illness and deaths and no new antibiotics emerging. To counter this, researchers are developing innovative strategies: synergistic drug combinations, targeted inhibitors of resistance enzymes, and advanced drug delivery systems to boost current treatments. Biotechnological approaches—such as bacteriophages, antibodies, antimicrobial peptides, lysins, and probiotics—are progressing at different stages, while CRISPR-Cas and engineered phages show strong preclinical promise for precision targeting. Physicochemical methods are also under exploration. However, clinical translation faces hurdles including delivery, scalability, regulatory approval, and cost. Large-scale trials and validation will be essential before these therapies can enter mainstream medicine. Ultimately, innovation in these areas is critical for sustainable, effective infection control against AMR.